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ʻO ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe ka ʻaila Pine 50% no ke kūʻai aku
Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka aila Terpineol e ka hopena hydrolysis me ka turpentine ma ke ʻano he mea maka, ka waikawa sulfuric e like me ka catalyst, a me ka waiʻona a i ʻole peregrine (he surfactant) ma ke ʻano he emulsifier.
